Parametric assistance for complex urban planning processes

Parametric assistance for complex urban planning processes

In the following we present examples of new parametric urban design techniques that are applied for large-scale urban developments in order to achieve three goals: inclusiveness and transparency; automatization and speed; flexibility and adaptability.

The modular frameworks described below break down the linear sequence of the design process and give opportunities for changes at any stage during an urban planning process without affecting all the decisions made afterwards. Three presented case-studies are showing that parametric interventions can be made in several phases of the project development that include analysis, design generation and re-evaluation loops.

Research Team:   Kateryna Konieva, Iuliia Osintseva, Ondřej Veselý, Abdulmalik Abdulmawla, Katja Knecht, Dr. Reinhard Koenig, Dr. Sven Schneider

SynCity – Connect the Hubs

Burcu Cimenoglu, Christoph Hanisch, Kateryna Konieva

In response to increasing shortage of resources, infrastructure, housing and job offers in due to rapid urbanization overpopulated Ethiopian cities, there is a proposal to disseminate migrating population to large amount (up to 2000 of new developments) of the so-called “10K towns”.

Generative parametric methods were used optimize and repeat multiple actions that are following similar principles at any site. The tool was eventually applied in three topographically diverse locations in the Ethiopia to test its adaptibility. Creation of the new city “skeleton” would always consist of the street network, main facilities distribution, land use and density schemes, and housing typologies. In most cases these modules would be used in similar sequence and consider the same number of conditions for their design. General input data was defined during the phase of analysis: as locations given with a design brief had no built-up surroundings, only terrain geometry and existing main road were used.

SynCity 2020 – Habeshaville

Iuliia Osintseva, Ondrej Vesely, Mahmoud A’dam

The rapid developement of masterplans for hundreds to thousands of new Ethiopian towns in the short timeframe is beyond the capacities of traditional urban planning frameworks. This project is a result of continued collaboration between Bauhaus-Universität Weimar and EiABC, focused on developement of groundbreaking urban planning tools to help with this process.

 

In this aproach, an ideal site is chosen from the possible locations by applying various critiria, such as connection to the existing infrastructure or suitable terrain. After that an optimized street network is proposed, based on the terrain morphology to prevent water errosion and avoid steep streets. In towns that are proposed, four housing typologies are used, ranging from the most “urban” mixed use multistorey houses to simpler “farmer” housing with direct access to the agricultural land on the outskirts of the town. The public facitilites and other important buildings are distributed using a set of criteria and rules for their placement, based on our experience from previous field-trips and participative studies we lead in contemporary rural settlements all across Ethiopia.

Tanjong Pagar Waterfront

Kateryna Konieva, Iuliia Osintseva, Ondrej Vesely

Singapore’s Tanjong Pagar container port, an industrial zone of 400 ha, is planned to be relocated to other part of the island, releasing the land for new mixed-use development located in the wider city centre.

In cooperation with ETH Future Cities Lab, parametric generetive toolbox was developed, that could help designers and urban planners explore possible solutions.

 

 Similar aproach was chosen for the project: to start from the larger scale point of view – by digitally sketching street grids and land use plans and then move towards more detailed aspects such as road setbacks or building morphology. Different rules are set up to handle e.g. building height limits or street widths.

Compared to the projects for Ethiopian rural towns, the parametric methods were in this case used to genarate nd compare mutliple solutions for one very specific context, instead of adapting one solution to multiple locations. The goal was to create several scenarios based on different concepts for how to aproach the site and provide comparative measures on their performance.

Explore the project via our interactive map application.

<style><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> /*-----CSS style for the layer and view selection widget-----*/<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> #layer-menu {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> position: absolute;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> z-index: 1;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> top: 10px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> left: 10px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> width: 160px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> #camera-menu {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> position: absolute;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> z-index: 1;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> top: 10px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> right: 50px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> width: 80px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> #function-menu {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> position: absolute;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> z-index: 1;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> top: 10px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> right: 140px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> width: 140px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .dropbtn {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> width: 100%;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> position: relative;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> z-index: 2;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> background-color: #31b7bc; /*AIT colors*/;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> color: white;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> padding: 16px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-size: 16px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> border: none;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> cursor: pointer;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> outline: none;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> border-radius: 4px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> box-shadow: 0px 0px 2px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.5);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-weight: 500;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .dropbtn:hover, .dropbtn:focus {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> background-color: #22a1a1;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .dropdown-content {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> border-radius: 5px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> text-align: left;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> display: none;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> position: absolute;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> top: 55px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> background-color: #ffffff;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> width: 100%;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> overflow: auto;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> box-shadow: 0px 0px 6px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.4);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> z-index: 1;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .dropdown-content a {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> color: black;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> padding: 12px 16px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> text-decoration: none;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> display: block;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> border-top: 1px solid #ddd;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .dropdown-content a.Off {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> color: #6b6b6b;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> background: #f9f9f9;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .dropdown-content a:hover {background-color: rgb(240, 240, 240);}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .show {display: block;} <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> /*-----CSS style for the element info popup widget-----*/<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> dd {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin-left: 0;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin-bottom: 8px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-weight: bold;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> dt {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> color: #31b7bc; /*AIT colors*/<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> dl {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin-bottom: 0;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .mapboxgl-popup-anchor-bottom .mapboxgl-popup-tip{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> border-top-color: #31b7bc; /*AIT colors*/<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .mapboxgl-popup-content{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-size: 14px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> color: white;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> box-shadow: 0 0 0px 2px #31b7bc; /*AIT colors*/<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> min-width: 120px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> max-width: 300px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> max-height: 170px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> overflow-y: auto;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .mapboxgl-popup-close-button{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> color: white;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-size: 20px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> /*-----CSS style for the map scale widget-----*/<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .mapboxgl-ctrl-scale {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-size: 12px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> border-width: medium 2px 3px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> border-style: none none solid;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> border-color: #31b7bc; /*AIT colors*/<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> padding: 0 5px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> color: white;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> box-sizing: border-box;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> /*-----CSS style for copyright-----*/<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> #copyright {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-size: 9px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> color:white;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> text-align: center;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> #copyright a {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> color:#31b7bc; /*AIT colors*/<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> text-decoration: none;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-weight: 1000;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> </style><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <div id='map' style='min-height: 500px; min-width: 460px;'> <!-- MapBox container --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <nav id="layer-menu"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <button onclick="dropdownToggle('layerDropdown')" class="dropbtn"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> Select scenario</button><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <div id="layerDropdown" class="dropdown-content"></div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <div id = "copyright">created at <a target="_blank" <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> href="https://cities.ait.ac.at/site/">AIT</a><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> by Ondrej Vesely,  2018</div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> </nav><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <nav id="camera-menu"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <button onclick="dropdownToggle('cameraDropdown')" class="dropbtn"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> Views</button><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <div id="cameraDropdown" class="dropdown-content"></div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> </nav><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <nav id="function-menu"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <button onclick="dropdownToggle('functionDropdown')" class="dropbtn"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> Functions</button><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <div id="functionDropdown" class="dropdown-content"></div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> </nav><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> </div><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <script><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> // Load Map via Mapbox API<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> mapboxgl.accessToken = 'pk.eyJ1Ijoib25kcmVqLXZlc2VseSIsImEiOiJjamlhOWo3cnkwMnY3M3ZwZjU5bm54c3BsIn0.69pwP4aK4CmFBlpU8I4giw';<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> var map = new mapboxgl.Map({<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> container: 'map',<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> style: 'mapbox://styles/ondrej-vesely/cjjsritez0dx42ro0vz8l2ks4'<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> });<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> // Camera limits<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> map.setMaxZoom(17);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> // Add navigation widget<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> var nav = new mapboxgl.NavigationControl();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> map.addControl(nav,'top-right');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> // Add fullscreen toggle button widget<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> var full = new mapboxgl.FullscreenControl();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> map.addControl(full, 'top-right')<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> // Add map scale widget<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> var scale = new mapboxgl.ScaleControl({<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> maxWidth: 250,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> unit: 'metric'<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> });<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> map.addControl(scale, 'bottom-right');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> // On start wait till map loads,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> map.on('load', function() {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> // move camera a bit,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> map.flyTo({center: [103.84, 1.2680], zoom: 13.8, speed: 0.1, bearing: 4})<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> // and open welcome popup<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> helpPopup()<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> });<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> // --- The interesting stuff starts here ----<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> // Dropdowns<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> // When the user clicks on the button, <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> // toggle between hiding and showing the dropdown content<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> function dropdownToggle(id) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> document.getElementById(id).classList.toggle("show");<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> // List of layers which include multiple variants and should change between scenarios<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> var scenLayers = [<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> 'land', 'land2', 'buildings', 'streets', 'trees', 'bridges', 'floors', 'syntax',<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> 'solar'<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> ]<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> // List of variants included in the layers<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> var scenNames = ['scen1', 'scen3', 'scen5']<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> var scenNiceNames = ['Green Loop City', 'Garden City', 'Oceanfront']<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> // Add layer names to dropdown to switch layers on click<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> for (var i = 0; i < scenNames.length; i++) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> var id = scenNames[i];<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> var name = scenNiceNames[i];<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> var link = document.createElement('a');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> link.href = 'javascript:changeScen("' + id + '")';<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> link.textContent = name;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> var $layerDropdown = document.getElementById('layerDropdown');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> $layerDropdown.appendChild(link);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> // Scenario change - Loops trough list of scenario layers,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> // sets variant filter to given scenario name<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> function changeScen(id) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> for (var i = 0; i < scenLayers.length; i++) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> var layer = scenLayers[i];<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> filter = map.getFilter(layer);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> for (var j = 0; j < filter.length; j++) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> if (filter[j][1] == "var") {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> filter[j][2] = id;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> map.setFilter(layer, filter);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> // For the cameras you want to save, put its position as CameraOptions here<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> var cameras = [<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> {center: [103.836607, 1.272156], zoom: 17, bearing: 136, pitch: 60}, <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> {center: [103.846564, 1.272998], zoom: 16, bearing: -180, pitch: 60}, <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> {center: [103.832839, 1.259721], zoom: 15, bearing: 0, pitch: 0}];<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> var cameraNames = ['Station', 'CBD', 'Island']<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> // Add views to camera dropdown to switch cameras on click<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> for (var i = 0; i < cameras.length; i++) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> var name = cameraNames[i]<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> var link = document.createElement('a');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> link.href = 'javascript:changeCamera(cameras[' + i + '])';<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> link.textContent = name;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> var $cameraDropdown = document.getElementById('cameraDropdown');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> $cameraDropdown.appendChild(link);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> // View switching<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> function changeCamera(cameraOptions){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> // You can set camera fly speed here<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> cameraOptions['speed'] = '0.5';<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> map.flyTo(cameraOptions);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> // List of additional functions you want to include as tools<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> var functions = [<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> 'toggle3d()', 'toggleFloors()', 'toggleSun()',<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> 'toggleSyntax()', 'issues()', 'helpPopup()'<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> ]<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> var functionNames = [<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> '?  3D buildings', '     Higher LOD', '     Shadow study',<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> '     SpaceSyntax', '     Comments', 'Need Help?'<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> ]<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> var startToggle = ['On', 'Off', 'Off', 'Off', 'Off', 'On']<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> // Add functions to dropdown to switch activate on click<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> for (var i = 0; i < functions.length; i++) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> var id = functions[i];<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> var name = functionNames[i];<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> var toggle = startToggle[i]<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> var link = document.createElement('a');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> link.href = 'javascript:' + id<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> link.textContent = name;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> link.id = id<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> link.classList = toggle<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> var $layerDropdown = document.getElementById('functionDropdown');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> $layerDropdown.appendChild(link);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> // 3D buildings toggle<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> var extrusionHeight = []<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> map.on("load", function(){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> extrusionHeight = map.getPaintProperty("buildings", "fill-extrusion-height")<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> })<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> function toggle3d(){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> if(document.getElementById("toggle3d()").classList == "On") {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> map.setPaintProperty("buildings", "fill-extrusion-height", 8)<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> map.setPaintProperty('floors', "fill-extrusion-opacity", 0);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> document.getElementById("toggle3d()").textContent = "     3D buildings"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> document.getElementById("toggle3d()").classList = "Off"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> else if(document.getElementById("toggle3d()").classList == "Off") {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> map.setPaintProperty("buildings", "fill-extrusion-height", extrusionHeight)<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> map.setPaintProperty('floors', "fill-extrusion-opacity", 1);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> document.getElementById("toggle3d()").textContent = "?  3D buildings"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> document.getElementById("toggle3d()").classList = "On"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> // Higher LOD -- Floors toggle<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> function toggleFloors() {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> if(document.getElementById("toggleFloors()").classList == "Off") {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> // First check if map isnt zoomed out too far<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> // If map is far, zoom slowly to proper zoom level<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> if(map.getZoom() < 15) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> map.flyTo({zoom: 15, speed: 0.5})<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> else {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> map.flyTo({zoom: map.getZoom()+0.0001})<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> map.once('zoomend', function() {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> map.setMinZoom(15)<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> map.setPaintProperty("buildings", "fill-extrusion-opacity", 0)<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> map.setLayoutProperty('floors', 'visibility', 'visible');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> document.getElementById("toggleFloors()").textContent = "?  Higher LOD"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> document.getElementById("toggleFloors()").classList = "On"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> })<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> else if(document.getElementById("toggleFloors()").classList == "On") {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> map.setLayoutProperty('floors', 'visibility', 'none');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> map.setPaintProperty("buildings", "fill-extrusion-opacity", 1)<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> document.getElementById("toggleFloors()").textContent = "     Higher LOD"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> document.getElementById("toggleFloors()").classList = "Off"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> map.setMinZoom(0)<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> // Toggle Sun hours / Shadowstudy<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> function toggleSun(){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> if(document.getElementById("toggleSun()").classList == "Off") {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> map.setLayoutProperty('solar', "visibility", "visible");<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> document.getElementById("toggleSun()").textContent = "?  Shadow study"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> document.getElementById("toggleSun()").classList = "On"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> var popup = new mapboxgl.Popup({closeButton: false, closeOnClick: false})<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> map.on('mousemove', 'solar', function(e) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> map.getCanvas().style.cursor = 'help';<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> popup.remove(map)<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> var features = map.queryRenderedFeatures(e.point, {layers: ["solar"]});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> var face = features[0];<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> var hours = face.properties.hours<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> popup.setLngLat(e.lngLat)<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .setHTML(<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> '<dd>' + hours + ' hours</dd>' +<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> '<dt> of sunlight <br>on 1st of August.</dt>'<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> )<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .addTo(map);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> })<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> map.on('mouseleave', 'solar', function(){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> map.getCanvas().style.cursor = '';<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> popup.remove(map);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> })<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> else if(document.getElementById("toggleSun()").classList == "On") {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> map.setLayoutProperty('solar', "visibility", "none");<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> document.getElementById("toggleSun()").textContent = "     Shadow study"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> document.getElementById("toggleSun()").classList = "Off"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> // Toggle SpaceSyntax<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> function toggleSyntax(){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> if(document.getElementById("toggleSyntax()").classList == "Off") {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> map.setPaintProperty('syntax', "line-opacity", 1);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> document.getElementById("toggleSyntax()").textContent = "?  SpaceSyntax"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> document.getElementById("toggleSyntax()").classList = "On"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> else if(document.getElementById("toggleSyntax()").classList == "On") {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> map.setPaintProperty('syntax', "line-opacity", 0);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> document.getElementById("toggleSyntax()").textContent = "     SpaceSyntax"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> document.getElementById("toggleSyntax()").classList = "Off"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> // Feedback toggle<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> // Switch between icons visible and hidden<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> function issues() {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> if(document.getElementById("issues()").classList == "Off") {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> map.setLayoutProperty("wtp-comments", 'visibility', 'visible');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> document.getElementById("issues()").textContent = "?  Comments"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> document.getElementById("issues()").classList = "On"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> else if(document.getElementById("issues()").classList == "On") {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> map.setLayoutProperty("wtp-comments", 'visibility', 'none');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> document.getElementById("issues()").textContent = "     Comments"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> document.getElementById("issues()").classList = "Off"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> // on hover open popup with text info<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> issuePopup = new mapboxgl.Popup({closeButton: false, closeOnClick: false})<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> map.on('mouseenter', 'wtp-comments', function(e) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> map.getCanvas().style.cursor = 'pointer';<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> var coordinates = e.features[0].geometry.coordinates.slice();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> var text = e.features[0].properties.text;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> var author = e.features[0].properties.author;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> issuePopup.setLngLat(coordinates)<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .setHTML('<dt>' + text + '</dt>' +<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> '<br><dd>' + author + '</dd>'<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> )<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .addTo(map);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> })<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> // close it on hover end<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> map.on('mouseleave', 'wtp-comments', function() {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> map.getCanvas().style.cursor = '';<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> issuePopup.remove();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> })<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> // +++ Other useful functions<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> // Help popup with controls info<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> function helpPopup() {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> window.popup = new mapboxgl.Popup()<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .setLngLat(map.getCenter())<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .setHTML( //OLD IE COMPATABLE MUTLILINE STRING<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> '<dd>How can you explore the model?</dd>' +<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> '<dt>Click on "Select scenario" to choose between different variants' +<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> ' or click on buildings to display more information about them.</dt>' +<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> '<dt><br>To control the camera press Control + Left Mouse Button or use' +<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> ' one of the preset positions with "Views" menu.</dt>' +<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> '<dt><br>In the "Functions" menu you can hide the 3D geometry' +<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> ' and change the Level of Detail or show a demo of feedback system.</dt>'<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> )<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .addTo(map);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> // Layer with additional data popup on click<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> activeLayer = 'buildings'<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> // change the cursor when hovering over this layer<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> map.on('mouseenter', activeLayer, function(event) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> map.getCanvas().style.cursor = 'help';<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }); <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> map.on('mouseleave', activeLayer, function() {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> map.getCanvas().style.cursor = '';<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> });<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> // Open popup with GeoJson properties on click<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> map.on('click', function(event) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> var features = map.queryRenderedFeatures(event.point, {layers: [activeLayer]});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> var building = features[0];<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> // Keys you want to include<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> if (features.length) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> var landUse = building.properties.function || '–';<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> var height = Math.round(building.properties.height) || '–';<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> var gfa = Math.round(building.properties.GFA) || '–';<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> var id = building.properties.build_ID || '–';<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> // HTML content of the popup<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> window.popup = new mapboxgl.Popup()<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .setLngLat(event.lngLat)<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .setHTML( <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> '<dl>' +<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> // '<dt>Land Use</dt>' +<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> // '<dd>' + landUse + '</dd>' +<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> '<dt>Building Height</dt>' +<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> '<dd>' + height + ' m' + '</dd>' +<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> '<dt>GFA</dt>' +<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> '<dd>' + gfa + ' sqm' + '</dd>' +<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> '<dt>ID#</dt>' +<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> '<dd>' + id + '</dd>' +<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> '</dl>') //OLD IE COMPATABLE MUTLILINE STRING FORMAT<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .addTo(map);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> };<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> });<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> </script>

Acknowledgement

The research background for Syncity design studio was part of the project Integrated Infrastructure (IN³). It is an interdisciplinary international research project at the Bauhaus-Universität Weimar (BUW) and the Ethiopia Institute for Architecture, Building Construction and City Development (EiABC).  We are also grateful to the Singapore-ETH Centre teams Multi-Scale Energy Systems for Low Carbon Cities, Engaging Mobility, and Big Data-Informed Urban Design and Governance for contributing their knowledge, experience and time to our design studio.

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Computational Urban Design Prototyping

Computational Urban Design Prototyping

The presented study is made for Cape Town city in South Africa, in which approximately 7.5 million people living in informal settlements and about 2.5 million housing units are needed. This motivates us to develop upgrading strategies for informal settlements. For this purpose, we developed an adaptive and interactive tool for rapid computational urban design prototyping. The tool can be used to generate urban layouts including street networks, blocks, parcels and buildings based on requirements specified by an urban designer. For implementing  the layout generation process, we developed an underlying tree data structure to represent street networks and parcellings. Moreover, network analysis methods were applied for controlling the distribution of buildings in the communities so that preferred neighborhood relationships are considered. Finally we demonstrated how to compare designs based on spatial analysis.

Research Team: Reinhard Koenig (contact author), Peter Bus, Yufan Miao, Chang-Mei Chih, Artem Chirkin.
The presented research evolves within the context of a collaboration with Scott Lloyd from the Urban Think Tank (U-TT) at ETH Zurich.

Acknowledgement

This page contains accompanying material for the paper Computational Urban Design Prototyping: Interactive Planning Synthesis Methods Demonstrated by a Case Study in Cape Town, published in the International Journal of Architectural Computing (IJAC), [it’s currently under review].

The Computational Urban Design Process

We implemented a new data structure for a slicing tree. The slicing (A) starts from one edge (1). After that, it slices the edge (2) on the left side of the slicing line (B) and next the one on the right (C, 4). A slicing line is stored in the slicing tree by assigning it to the edge it crosses. At the same time, the slicing lines are ranked based on their levels in the tree structure.

The case study area is Enkanini in Cape Town City, South Africa, for which we generate urban planning variants in a fast and interactive way.

Example of two urban layouts for the sliced parcels, generated freely (left) and using initial street segments to guide street network generation (right).

To increase the precision for generating parcels with a defined width, we nested the block and parcel generation.

Using the Speckle plug-in for Grasshopper the generated urban layouts can be made accessible online to share and communicate the design as well as to allow stakeholders to explore design alternatives. In accordance with the initial specifications, the interface allows to change the dimensions of the parcels within a defined parameter range using sliders to adjust the parcels width and depth.

The generated urban layouts can be analysed with various methods. In this example we assessed pedestrian accessibility of the educational and commercial facilities by using a gravity-based method.

Video of the Computational Urban Design Process

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Download Grasshopper Definitions

Requirements

The Grasshopper files are created for Grasshopper (build 0.9.0076) with Rhino3D v.5. To open and run the models you need to install the DeCodingSpaces-Toolbox (we used version 2018.01) – food4rhino is not always working.

Download Adaptive EmpowerShack Grasshopper Definition

Grasshopper snippets for Urban Design and Analysis

Grasshopper snippets for Urban Design and Analysis

The chairs of Computer Science in Architecture and Computational Architecture at the Bauhaus-University Weimar have developed a few Grasshopper snippets for the course Computational Urban Analysis. To make them accessible to a wider audience, we share them on this blogpost. There are additional scripts provided in the Parametric Planning Catalogue :: https://infar-buw.github.io/parametric-planning-catalogue/

Divide by Area

Implementation of Sumit Kheterapal’s equal plot division algorithm with improvments in choosing preferred direction of divisions and setting of individual areas.

Area Blobs

Regions grow in circular, squared or rhombus-like directions until they reach their demanded area. This component makes use of Alpha Shape by Mateusz Zwierzycki which is part of Milkbox.

Automatic Pipe Dimensioning

EPANET hydrology analysis combined with Anemone by Mateusz Zwierzycki  to automatically dimension pipes.

Visual Distance

Calculate a smallest number of turns neccesary to reach any area from a set of given start points. This snippet makes use of SpiderWeb 4.2 by Richard Schaffranek.

Easy Plots

Curves drawn on a layer are directly segmented. Closed segments are turned into areas with an offset and coloured according to their size.

Distance to all buildings

The distance from each building to all other building is calculated. Grayscale colours show which ones have the shortest and longest ways. Furtheron the streets are coloured by their Betweenness Centrality.

Path by Steepness

A path is calculated by the steepness of the terrain. The angle can be adjusted to get flat or steep paths. This snippet makes use of SpiderWeb by Richard Schaffranek.

Weighted boundary

A boundary is created around a point with a given area. The influence of terrain and road can be weighte and lead to different results. This component makes use of Alpha Shape by Mateusz Zwierzycki which is part of Milkbox. The script is inspired by work of Ondřej Veselý.

Includes further on a definition to expand streets by weight.

Fill polygons by area

An adapted version of the weighted boundary script, which adds two more boundaries to the Grasshopper definition and keeps all of them inside of given polygon shapes.

Kangaroo bubble diagram

Bubbles with given area can be repositioned and keep each other out of bounds. This component makes use of Kanagaroo Physics by Daniel Piker.

Redistribution

A script which redistributes quantities to other points by given percentage.

Urban Simulation with Grasshopper for Rhino3D

Urban Simulation with Grasshopper for Rhino3D

Dynamic urban development simulation models are usually separate to urban planning tools making it difficult to test the consequences of urban planning variants directly without switching between expert tools. This paper presents an approach to integrating system dynamics simulation at various scales and abstractions in the visual programming environment Grasshopper for Rhino3D. We demonstrate how Grasshopper may be used with additional customized components as a flexible integrated urban planning and simulation framework. For this purpose, we present three urban planning model examples: The first is a classical system dynamics simulation that abstracts from spatial elements. The second adds spatial relations in terms of distances between locations in a grid. The third shows how to represent a city in more details and adds a network analysis module for more precise distance calculations. As result, we demonstrate a highly flexible approach for integrating simulations for various aspects that predict the behavior of an urban system in order to facilitate more sustainable urban planning processes. The main drawback of this new level of flexibility is the relatively slow execution time for complex simulations.

Research Team: Reinhard Koenig (contact author), Martin Bielik, and Sven Schneider

Requirements

The Grasshopper files are created for Grasshopper (build 0.9.0076) with Rhino3D v.5. To open and run the models you need to instal the Anemone plugin (we used version 0.4), and for the models 3 and 4 the DeCodingSpaces-Toolbox (we used version 2018.01). Download all four Grasshopper models.

Acknowledgement

This page contains accompanying material for the SimAUD 2018 conferece paper System Dynamics for Modeling Metabolism Mechanisms for Urban Planning.

Presentation at SimAUD conference, TU Delft, 7th of June 2018

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1. Wolf-Sheep-Predation Test Model

In the first model, we reproduced the wolf-sheep-predation system dynamics model from the NetLogo model library in Grasshopper.

Download Grasshopper Model

 

2. Abstract urban dynamics model

The second model implemented an abstract urban dynamic system that includes the development of population size, number of jobs and food production (stocks). These stocks depend on various relationships between each other (flows) and on the available areas for the corresponding land uses.

Download Grasshopper Model

 

3. Grid-city model

The third model uses a 12 × 8 = 96 cells grid. Based on the all-pair Manhattan distances between the cells, we compute for each iteration the attractivity of a cell for new population or workplaces.

Download Grasshopper Model

4. Net-city model

For the fourth model we use the real geometry of a city and compute the distances between locations by means of shortest paths in the street network. For this demonstration, we used the central part of the city of Weimar in Germany.

Download Grasshopper Model

For learning more about the implementation of the Net-City model, please look at the post on our SimAUD Workshop Network analysis based dynamic urban simulation in Grasshopper.

The last model is further extended. Please look at the article Dynamic Urban Development Model.

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Presentation at IWCEE18 – VI International Workshop on Computational Economics and Econometrics, Rome, June 27th 2018

Session: Transitions towards sustainable and resilient cities: analytic and modelling approaches

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